MODULE 5: ANIMAL FORMS AND FUNCTION Flashcards | Knowt (2024)

heterotrophs

eats other organisms for energy and nutrients

geologic record is divided into the following: HAPP

oxygen revolution (2.7-2.3 billion years ago)

endosymbiont theory

second wave of diversification

gave rise to algae, plants, fungi, animals

choanoflagellates

closest living relatives to animals

paleozoic era (542-251 million years ago)

age of invertebrates and vertebrates

cambrian explosion (535 to 525 million years ago)

earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals

bilaterians invertebrates and vertebrates

most fossils from cambrian explosion are _____

chordates

have a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

chordates

comprise all vertebrates and 2 groups of invertebrates (urochordates and cephalochordates)

four key characteristics of chordates (NDPM)

notochord

provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of a chordate

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

develops into the central nervous system: brain and spinal cord

pharyngeal slits or clefts

muscular post-anal tail

tetrapoda

“four legs” in greek

tetrapods

evolved from lobe-finned fishes around 365 million years ago

phylum chordata

made up of animals with vertebrates or a spinal column and a cranium

mesozoic era (251-65.5 million years ago)

cenozoic era (65.5 million years ago-present)

factors that might have contributed to mass extinctions

larva

juvenile

resembles an adult but is not sexually mature

hox genes

body plan

a set of morphological and developmental traits

radial symmetry

no visible front or back or left and right

bilateral symmetry

two-sided symmetry

dorsal

top side of bilaterally symmetrical animals

ventral

bottom side of bilateral symmetrical animals

anterior

front end of bilateral symmetrical animals

posterior

back ends of bilateral symmetrical animals

sessile or planktonic (drifting/weak swimming)

radial animals movement is _______

often move more actively and have a central nervous system

bilateral animals move ______

sponges

_____ and a few other groups lack true tissues

ectoderm and endoderm

diploblastic animals have _____ and ______

have an intervening mesoderm layer

coelomates

pseudocoelomates

acoelomates

triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity

bilaterians are divided into three clades: DEL

deuterostomia

ecdysozoa

clade of invertebrates that shed their exoskeletons through a process called ecdysis

lophotrochozoa

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